替换Ubuntu 18.04软件源

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默认的源在国外，下载软件速度较慢，可以替换为国内的源，比如阿里的，替换 /etc/apt/sources.list文件为

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# 阿里云镜像
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布版软件，可以不启用
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

目前3个主流版本的代号分别是

18.04 LTS bionic

20.04 LTS focal

22.04 LTS jammy

其他版本则把其中的bionic替换成其他版本的代号。

可以用tee命令直接修改文件，而不用vim或nano打开，以20.04 LTS，不带预发布版软件为例

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tee /etc/apt/sources.list <<-'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

更新软件包

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apt-get update

如果提示 NO_PUBKEY 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32

则执行

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apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32